A dramatic tripling of daily new cases of COVID-19 in the past month, mostly among young people, prompted warnings on Wednesday that Canada is staring at a major second wave of the pandemic and the federal government said short-term lockdowns might be needed.
Canada's chief public health officer, Dr. Theresa Tam, said the country had seen an average of more than 1,100 new cases of the novel coronavirus a day this past week compared with about 380 a day in mid-August.
"Canada is at a crossroads with the COVID-19 epidemic trajectory," Tam said. "Unless public health and individual protective measures are strengthened and we work together to slow the spread of the virus, the situation is on track for a big resurgence in a number of provinces."
While the new cases were primarily among young adults, more than 400 schools in Quebec and another 153 in Ontario reported at least one case of the illness. The figures from the group COVID Ecoles Quebec and the Ontario government came as authorities seek ways to curb the spread of COVID-19 among younger people.
Data from Ontario show cases among those in their 20s have risen sharply in the past month, with one expert attributing the increase in part to the reopening of schools and universities.
In an effort to tackle the problem, several provinces, cities and universities have warned of stiff fines for violating anti-COVID restrictions. However, Quebec said it would not allow police to enter homes without a warrant to break up gatherings that violate the measures.
The worrisome upward trend in new cases came as the federal Liberal government laid out its plan to take on a second wave of COVID-19.
"To prevent small clusters from becoming major outbreaks, communities may need to enact short-term closure orders," the government said in its throne speech.
Stringent lockdowns in the spring caused unprecedented economic disruption, prompting the government to spend tens of billions of dollars on supports as unemployment skyrocketed.
The throne speech promised, among other things, an extension of the federal wage-subsidy program until next summer, more aid for businesses, and help to boost testing capacity. People in various cities have waited for hours or even days for virus testing. Safety concerns led a hospital in Kitchener, Ont., to close its drive-through testing centre as people arrived in the wee hours.
In all, COVID has killed about 9,250 people in Canada, while the cumulative case count has been edging toward the 150,000 mark.
Quebec, with more than 69,000 cases, accounts for about 48 per cent of the total cases but 63 per cent of the deaths. Ontario's more than 48,000 reported cases account for 33 per cent nationally, and 31 per cent of fatalities
On Wednesday, Quebec reported 471 new cases. Another four reported deaths from the novel coronavirus brought the province's total fatalities to 5,809.
Ontario, which has shown a steady increase in new cases since mid-August after months of declines, reported 335 new cases of COVID-19 on Wednesday and another three deaths. Almost 70 per cent of the new infections were in people under the age of 40.
Concern is also mounting as more long-term care homes in Ontario, brutally hit by the virus earlier in the year, report outbreaks. Almost 70 per cent of fatalities have been among those aged 80 and older and another 27 per cent were 60 to 79 years of age.
While older people and those with underlying health conditions are more susceptible to severe illnesses from SARS-CoV-2, younger people can spread the disease — often before showing any symptoms.
"When there's so much in the community, it can escalate into the populations with more vulnerability," Dr. Vera Etches, medical officer of health in Ottawa, one of the harder hit cities, said.
Ontario data indicate new cases among people in their 20s have reached similar levels to those seen among people in their 80s in mid-April. Along with school reopenings, Dr. Brian Ward, a professor of medicine at McGill University, cited bars and parties as key factors, along with a "general sense of invulnerability" among younger people.
"COVID fatigue also clearly plays a role," Ward said.
Winnipeg, for example, accounted for 30 of Manitoba's 42 new cases reported on Wednesday, with possible exposures at restaurants, bars and a pub trivia night, the province said.
