A federal judge is calling for a comprehensive review after ruling Canada's spy service failed to disclose its reliance on information that was likely collected illegally in support of warrants to probe extremism.
In his ruling released Thursday, Federal Court Justice Patrick Gleeson found the Canadian Security Intelligence Service breached its duty of candour to the court, part of a troubling pattern dating back years.
Gleeson said the review must look at interactions between CSIS and the federal Justice Department to fully identify systemic, governance and cultural shortcomings and failures.
Gleeson said anything less will fall short of ensuring that confidence and trust in the spy service as a key national institution is restored and enhanced.
CSIS director David Vigneault said in a statement that he takes the court's findings "very seriously" and is committed to ensuring the intelligence service "fully understands our obligations to the court."
Federal ministers responsible for security and justice swiftly announced they had asked the national intelligence watchdog to look into the judge's findings.
The ruling flows from the spy service's efforts to investigate foreign fighters — Canadian citizens who might return to Canada after travelling abroad to take part in extremism. In one case, CSIS paid someone known to be facilitating or carrying out terrorism an amount totalling less than $25,000 over a few years, the decision said.
The ruling comes four years after the Federal Court found CSIS illegally held onto potentially revealing electronic data about people who posed no security threat and breached its duty to inform the court of the data-collection program.
In the latest ruling, Gleeson said he appreciates the challenges of safeguarding Canada's national security.
"Despite these challenges, this court and the Canadian public must have confidence that respect for the rule of law is and remains a foundational principle underpinning all national security intelligence decision-making," he wrote.
"The circumstances disclosed here suggest a degree of institutional disregard for — or, at the very least, a cavalier institutional approach to — the duty of candour and regrettably the rule of law."
In a joint statement, Public Safety Minister Bill Blair and Justice Minister David Lametti said they are determined to uphold the practice of protecting Canadians "in a manner that is compliant with the law."
The ministers have written the chairman of the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency to request that it look into the findings and provide recommendations on how to address the concerns raised by the court's decision.
They have also asked the agency to make regular progress reports to the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians.
In addition, the government has hired an external adviser, former Supreme Court justice Ian Binnie, to help with the implementation of the review agency's recommendations within Justice Canada.
The government says while it is fully committed to addressing the court's recommendations, it would also appeal the ruling "on narrow but important legal grounds" concerning solicitor-client privilege and the government's ability to provide and obtain legal advice in the future.
